MEMORIAL COMPLEXES. WORLD EXPERIENCE FOR THE PRACTICE OF MEMORY POLICY FORMATION

Abstract

The purpose: to establish the level of research of the topic in the scientific literature; identify the factors that most effectively contribute to the implementation of the memorial function in the three-dimensional structures of the city; make a critical comparison of the architecture and spatial organization of prominent foreign counterparts, united by common criteria. Methodology: applied comparative and analytical methods based on the author's interpretation of the main artistic means. The article also uses the main provisions of the system approach; content analysis, modeling methods, historical and expert. Results. A memorial, like any space designed and embodied by man, is designed to perform its functions effectively. The function of honoring the memory by means of construction and organization of memorials is analyzed and revealed through the analysis of significant foreign examples. The need for qualitative substantiation in the creation of memorial complexes is emphasized, the change of ten-year trends in the formation of memorials is demonstrated, the need to develop, improve and implement a holistic strategy of memory policy is emphasized. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a critical comparison and expert analysis of an array of five different, but united by certain criteria and parameters, memorials of the planet, built in the XXI century. and consistently highlighting their common and distinctive features, as well as highlighting trends in memory politics that have been relevant for decades. Practical significance. The need to preserve and interpret the memory of fatal events as a means of constructing memorials was confirmed, and it was emphasized that their main function is to serve as a kind of safeguard that will prevent the recurrence of tragic events in the future. The search for ways to implement and implement a holistic and effective system of commemoration, which should be peaceful, not offensive.