Analysis of modern technological solutions in the field of finishing natural leather to provide antibacterial properties
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2026.2.3Keywords:
quaternary phosphonium salts, antibacterial properties, polymer film-forming materials, functionalized coatings, leather finishing, natural leatherAbstract
Purpose. The purpose of this research is to conduct a systematic analysis of modern technologies used in the finishing of natural leather, with particular emphasis on the formation of antibacterial properties in coating systems. The analysis is aimed at substantiating the selection of functionalized polymer systems based on waterborne polyurethanes modified with quaternary phosphonium salts.
Methodology. The research is based on a comprehensive analysis of scientific publications and regulatory and technical literature related to the chemistry and technology of leather finishing, polymer film-forming materials, and antibacterial agents. Comparative analysis methods were used to evaluate the
effectiveness of different classes of film-forming polymers and antimicrobial compounds. In addition, a systematic approach was applied to examine the architecture of multilayer coating systems and the mechanisms by which such coatings can be functionalized to provide long-term antibacterial activity.
Findings. The feasibility of using quaternary phosphonium salts has been substantiated. The effectiveness of applying finishing coatings based on aqueous polyurethane dispersions containing covalently integrated quaternary phosphonium salts onto leather has been demonstrated. Their mechanism of action, involving adsorption of the cationic centre onto the microbial surface followed by irreversible membrane disorganization, ensures a durable antibacterial effect and the high quality of the resulting leather materials.
Originality. The perspective of utilizing quaternary phosphonium salts as covalently bonded functional components in waterborne polyurethanes is scientifically substantiated, specifically for natural leather finishing operations without compromising the leather's performance properties.
Practical value. The obtained results may be used as a theoretical and technological basis for the development of new types of finishing coatings for natural leather with enhanced wear resistance and stable antibacterial activity. This is especially important for leather materials intended for direct contact with human skin, for example in footwear, lining materials, insoles, orthopaedic products, and medical applications. Priority directions for further research are identified, focusing on balancing high antimicrobial efficacy while fully preserving the unique physical-mechanical and hygienic properties of natural leather.
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