METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION AND ACCOUNTING OF CALCULATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Abstract

International trade involves complex transactions and a large amount of documentation to ensure accuracy, compliance and transparency in carrying out the relevant transactions. Proper documentation and accounting practices are critical to the effective management of these operations. That is why the presented article examines the main features of the methods of documentation and accounting of calculations when carrying out operations within the framework of international trade. The purpose of the work is to determine the optimal method of documentation and accounting of settlements in international trade. The main methods used in the implementation of the current research are: methods of analysis and synthesis to identify the features of international trade in modern conditions of digitalization and transformational changes, as well as to analyze the relevant documentary methods for accounting calculations in the implementation of trade activities; methods of deduction and induction; method of comparison; logical method, as well as graphical and tabular methods for visual presentation of individual research results. Thus, during the research, the following common methods and types of documentation used in international trade were identified: commercial invoice, bill of lading, certificate of origin, packing list, proforma invoice, letter of credit (L/C), insurance certificate, import/export license , inspection certificate and others. Accounting methods in international trade: accrual accounting, cash accounting, multi-currency accounting, cost accounting, transfer pricing, Harmonized System (HS) codes and others. Thus, the method of documenting and accounting for settlements in international trade is a complex system that requires detailed analysis and an appropriate approach to each stage of a trade operation. The implementation of modern process automation technologies, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and constant improvement of procedures allows to increase the efficiency of international trade and minimize the risks associated with it.