Development of a system of ergonomic indicators for children's adaptive footwear

Abstract

Purpose. Theoretical substantiation and development of a comprehensive system of ergonomic indicators for children's adaptive footwear, ensuring a holistic unity of physical comfort and the child's positive psycho-emotional state during product use. Methodology. The study employed a comprehensive approach, including the analysis of morphofunctional characteristics of the feet in children with musculoskeletal and psycho-emotional (sensory) disorders. It utilized ergonomic modeling of structural solutions, user profiling to identify specific needs of the target group, and the method of a priori verification to predict project compliance with inclusive requirements at the pre-design stage. Results. The study identified that the ergonomics of adaptive footwear is based on three fundamental groups of indicators: anthropometric (compliance of internal footwear parameters with foot volume, accounting for orthoses where necessary), biomechanical (ensuring correct stabilization of the ankle joint and supporting the physiological roll of the foot), and sensory-рsychological. Special attention is paid to the parameters of the footwear "entry point" and innovative fixation systems. It is proven that the possibility of maximum footwear opening, combined with intuitive fastening elements (magnetic fasteners, circular zippers), is a critical factor in fostering a child's autonomy. Minimizing external assistance during the donning process contributes to increased self-esteem and reduced anxiety levels in the child.
Scientific novelty. The key scientific achievement of the work is the development of an algorithm for creating a user profile that integrates medical indications with individual sensory sensitivity. A direct correlation was established between the tactile characteristics of the footwear's internal space and the cognitive load on the child's nervous system: the use of seamless technologies and breathable materials prevents sensory overload and promotes prolonged physical activity. Practical significance. The results obtained form the basis of science-based recommendations for designers and engineers of specialized footwear. The proposed approach allows for the creation of products that integrate medical functions into modern design aesthetics, promoting social inclusion. The article's conclusions can be implemented in the production of new lines of children's adaptive footwear and utilized in the clinical practice of rehabilitation specialists and prosthetists.